The tension between science and the Catholic Church in the seventeenth century is best exemplified by the church's conflict with:

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Galileo's support of the heliocentric model, which placed the Sun at the center of the universe instead of the Earth, directly contradicted the Catholic Church's geocentric teachings. This led to his trial and house arrest, making his conflict a prime example of the tension between science and the Church during that era.

The Tension Between Science and the Catholic Church in the Seventeenth