If systematic bias, confounding, and random error have been ruled out as alternative explanations, the investigator may conclude that the association is true and the study has which of the following?
A) Internal validity
B) External validity
C) Specificity
D) Sensitivity

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Internal validity refers to the extent to which a study accurately establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between variables, ruling out alternative explanations like bias, confounding, and random error.

If Systematic Bias, Confounding, and Random Error Have Been Ruled