The qualitative factors that help to explain the existence of a focal-point equilibrium include:

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Focal-point equilibria often depend on factors that are not strictly defined by the game's payoff structure but are instead based on players' perceptions of what seems natural, fair, or equitable. This includes considerations of symmetry and uniqueness (where a particular strategy stands out as special or 'obvious'), distribution of payoffs (how rewards and costs are shared among players), and concepts of equity, efficiency, and fairness. These qualitative factors help players coordinate on a particular equilibrium without explicit communication, making all the options listed relevant to explaining the existence of focal-point equilibria.

The Qualitative Factors That Help to Explain the Existence of a Focal-Point