Until recently, medical doctors and lawyers have been prohibited from engaging in competitive advertising. If the prisoners' dilemma applies to this situation, then the presence of this restriction would be likely to

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The prisoners' dilemma suggests that when individuals (or firms) cannot cooperate (e.g., through agreements not to advertise), they end up in a situation where their individual rational strategies lead to a worse outcome for each than if they could bind themselves to a cooperative solution. In this context, the prohibition on competitive advertising acts as a form of enforced cooperation, preventing professionals from engaging in potentially costly advertising wars. This would likely increase their profits by reducing the expenses associated with competitive advertising and avoiding a race to the bottom in terms of pricing or service offerings.

Until Recently, Medical Doctors and Lawyers Have Been Prohibited from Engaging