All of the following agents are among recommended lines of treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease except:

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All of the listed agents are among recommended lines of treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) except beta blockers. Smoking cessation, pneumococcal and flu vaccines, systemic or inhaled corticosteroids, oxygen, inhaled beta-agonists, and anticholinergics are all among common treatment modalities recommended in the management of COPD. Beta blockers are usually contraindicated in the condition because of the beta adrenergic receptors on cell surfaces that line the pulmonary airway; thus, blocking them would increase the difficulty in breathing and not decrease.

All of the Following Agents Are Among Recommended Lines of Treatment