Question 1

Which of the following is not seen with coagulation necrosis?

Accepted Answer

Zenker's degeneration is not seen with coagulation necrosis. It refers to a form of severe hyaline degeneration, or necrosis in skeletal muscle, present in severe infections.

Question 2

Which of the following correctly describes diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

All of the above describe diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease featuring high blood sugar levels. Patients with DM experience frequent urination due to the increased excretion of glucose by the kidneys, resulting in the cells taking more water.

Question 3

What organ can be damaged if diabetes is uncontrolled?

Accepted Answer

Eyes and kidneys can be damaged if diabetes is uncontrolled. Many body parts can be affected by DM and it can cause serious complications such as blindness, kidney damage, and lower limb amputations.

Question 4

Which of the following is the biggest factor for type II diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Obesity is the biggest factor for type II diabetes. Being overweight and inactive increases the probability of the development of type II diabetes.

Question 5

Which of the following can be a contributing factor to the development of heat stroke?

Accepted Answer

All of the above including obesity, hyperthyroidism, and medications can be a contributing factor to the development of heat stroke. There are several conditions that can increase the risk for heat stroke. According to the CDC, medications that increase the possibility for developing heat stroke include psychotropics, drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease, tranquilizers, antihistamines, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, certain antidepressants, and diuretics.

Question 6

Which of the following is true about atopic dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

Among all of the above, the one that is true about atopic dermatitis is that it cycles through periods of exacerbation and remissions. Atopic dermatitis has periods of exacerbation and remission. During exacerbation or flare, the condition gets worse, while during remission, the dermatitis improves or clears up.

Question 7

Which of the following are susceptible for people with atopic dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

All of the above are susceptible for people with atopic dermatitis. People with atopic dermatitis have vulnerable skins. Their skin looses too much moisture, which reduces the protective abilities of the skin.

Question 8

When a person feels pain from the lower back down to the back of the thigh with a sharp burning sensation, he can be suffering from:

Accepted Answer

When a person feels pain from the lower back down to the back of the thigh with a sharp burning sensation, he can be suffering from Sciatica. It refers to the pain that radiates along the path of sciatic nerve and its branches. The pain is felt along the pathway where the nerve runs.

Question 9

Which of the following is a congenital condition where the large intestine is blocked, caused by improper bowel movement?

Accepted Answer

Hirschprung's disease is a congenital condition where the large intestine is blocked, caused by improper bowel movement. It is the result of failure of ganglion nerve cells to migrate to part of the bowel. The bowel will lack enervation and peristalsis that will cause the stool to accumulate.

Question 10

The inability to perform purposeful movement, despite having the desire and physical ability to perform the movements, is called:

Accepted Answer

The inability to perform purposeful movement, despite having the desire and physical ability to perform the movements, is called Apraxia. It is a motor planning disorder that can either be acquired or developmental. It may not be caused by in-coordination, sensory loss, or failure to carry out simple commands.

Question 11

When a person has edema on their lower extremities, an enlarged abdomen, and irregular skin pigmentation, which of the following is most likely the problem?

Accepted Answer

When a person has edema on their lower extremities, an enlarged abdomen, and irregular skin pigmentation, he/she may be suffering from Kwashiorkor, which is characterized with a lack of protein, which can cause hypoalbuminemia and fatty liver.

Question 12

Corinne is a 43-year-old woman who has red rough skin due to sun exposure, which she has been developing for a couple of years. Also, she is suffering from chronic, watery diarrhea. It has shown in her physical examination that she is showing signs of memory loss and confusion. With these findings, of which of the following Corinne is deficient?

Accepted Answer

In such conditions, the patient has developed pellagra, which is a result of niacin deficiency. Niacin or vitamin B3 is an essential component of several conenzymes. Pellagra occurs when niacin and tryptophan levels are low or when conversion of the essential amino acids to the coenzyme is compromised.

Question 13

Johnny is a 5-year-old child who has been complaining of leg pain for the past year. Upon examination, the lower legs show widened epiphyses and bowing of the tibia. He additionally showed failure of osteoid matrix formation. Johnny is most likely to be deficient of:

Accepted Answer

In such conditions, the patient has scurvy. Vitamin C helps in osteoid matrix production, which includes collagen. This is why the lower legs show widened epiphyses and bowing of the tibia, and also the failure of osteoid matrix formation.

Question 14

Casey is a 16-year old girl who has with itchy, blemished areas of erythema on her trunk and extremities every time she eats seafood. She has no major medical conditions and there are no abnormal findings upon her examination. Which of the following does Casey possibly have?

Accepted Answer

In such a condition, the patient has obtained an allergy from the seafood. Food allergies are typically a form of type I hypersensitivity reaction. The allergens react with IgE bound mast cells primarily in the skin and gastrointestinal tract.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about hypertrophy?

Accepted Answer

Among all of the above, the one that is true about hypertrophy is that the individual cell size increases. Hypertrophy literally means excessive nourishment. The volume of an organ or tissue increases due to the enlargement of its component cells.

Question 16

The microbes stimulate the accumulation of the inflammatory cells. Which of the following is the characteristic of focal bacteria or some fungal infections?

Accepted Answer

Liquefactive necrosis the characteristic of focal bacteria or some fungal infections. It is marked by a circumscribed lesion consisting of fluid remains of necrotic tissue digested by the enzymes.

Question 17

Acute inflammation is commonly associated with:

Accepted Answer

Acute inflammation is commonly associated with Neutrophils. They are normally found in the bloodstream. During the initial phase of acute inflammation, neutrophils are the first to respond to inflammatory cells to migrate toward the site of inflammation.

Question 18

The production of a large amount of pus containing neutrophils, necrotic cells, and edema fluid characterizes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The production of large amounts of pus containing neutrophils, necrotic cells, and edema fluid characterizes suppurative or purulent inflammation. It is a protective tissue response to injury or damaging of tissues, which destroys, dilutes, or walls off both the injurious agent and the injured tissues.

Question 19

The following have the capability to regenerate except for:

Accepted Answer

All of the above can regenerate except for cardiac tissue. Cardiac tissue does not have the capability to regenerate. Cardiac muscle tissues lacks the apparatus required for cell division. They temporarily excite from the cell cycle after mitosis and enter a quiescent state.

Question 20

The extravasation of water into the interstitial space is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The extravasation of water into the interstitial space is referred to as Edema. It is characterized by swelling due to excess fluid trapped in body tissues. It commonly occurs in the feet, ankles, and legs, but it can also involve the entire body.

Quiz 1: Pharmacology and Protein Structures