Question 1

The Mitchell bunionectomy is one of many distal metaphyseal osteotomies for the correction of:

Accepted Answer

The Mitchell bunionectomy is one of many distal metaphyseal osteotomies for the correction of hallux valgus. The success is mostly for moderate deformity with or without mild hallux limitus. The procedure has proven successful in individuals for whom a long first metatarsal bone is confirmed radiographically.

Question 2

What is the most common cause of hypoglycemia in patients presenting to the Emergency Department?

Accepted Answer

The most common cause of hypoglycemia in patients presenting to the Emergency Department is alcohol related. Both alcohol use and diabetes are common causes of hypoglycemia. The established diabetic patient, who eats inadequately, has inappropriate medication dosing, is on a multiple-drug regimen, or has a complicating medical problem may present with hypoglycemia.

Question 3

Which of the following clinical terms can be defined as the limitation of motion of proximal phalanx at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) in the sagittal plane?

Accepted Answer

The clinical term that can be defined as the limitation of motion of proximal phalanx at the first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) in the sagittal plane is Hallux limitus. The normal range of dorsiflexion for this joint is approximately 55°-65°. In hallux limitus, the range of motion is reduced to 25°-30°.

Question 4

The shown dorsoplantar radiograph demonstrates which of the following abnormalities?

Accepted Answer

The dorsoplantar radiograph demonstrates hypertrophy at first metatarsophalangeal joint. Decrease in joint space can also be seen.

Question 5

Freiberg's disease is generally agreed to represent an avascular necrosis of the:

Accepted Answer

Freiberg's disease is generally agreed to represent an avascular necrosis of the metatarsal head. Although recognized as primarily a disorder of the second metatarsal, it has been reported to affect the other metatarsals, but rarely the first.

Question 6

Regarding the surgical treatment of Freiberg's disease, all of the following are recommended procedures except:

Accepted Answer

Regarding the surgical treatment of Freiberg's disease, all of the listed procedures are recommended except depression of depressed metatarsal head. In fact, elevation of depressed metatarsal head is performed surgically.

Question 7

Tailor's bunion, or bunionette, is a term applied to an enlargement of the lateral aspect of the:

Accepted Answer

Tailor's bunion, or bunionette, is a term applied to an enlargement of the lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsal head that produces various degrees of pain, swelling, and tenderness.

Question 8

Which of the following drugs inhibits osteoclastic activity more than osteoblastic activity and has been beneficial in the treatment of osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and Paget's disease?

Accepted Answer

The drug that inhibits osteoclastic activity more than osteoblastic activity and has been beneficial in the treatment of osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, and Paget's disease is Alendronate. It is a bisphosphonate, the class of drugs that has proved most effective in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis.

Question 9

Which of the following bones is bent or twisted laterally in the Knock-knee deformity?

Accepted Answer

A bone that is bent or twisted laterally in the Knock-knee deformity is the tibia. Also known as genu valgum, it may occur as a result of collapse of the lateral compartment of the knee and rupture of the medial collateral ligament.

Question 10

Which of the following terms is a common name used for genu varum deformity?

Accepted Answer

A term that is a common name used for genu varum deformity is bow leg. It is a deformity in which the tibia is bent medially. It may occur as a result of collapse of the medial compartment of the knee and rupture of the lateral collateral ligament.

Question 11

A portion of which of the following ligaments may be used for surgical repair of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint?

Accepted Answer

A portion of the patella ligament may be used for surgical repair of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint. The tendon of the plantaris muscle may be used for tendon autografts to the long flexors of the fingers.

Question 12

What is the common name used for the condition prepatellar bursitis?

Accepted Answer

The common name used for the condition prepatellar bursitis is house maid's knee. It is inflammation and swelling of the prepatellar bursa which was common among house maids in the 19th century who had to clean the floor while on their knees for extended periods of time.

Question 13

Bunionectomy is an excision of an abnormal prominence on the medial aspect of the:

Accepted Answer

Bunionectomy is an excision of an abnormal prominence on the medial aspect of the first metatarsal head. A bunion is a localized swelling at the medial side of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (or of the first metatarsal head), caused by an inflammatory bursa, and is unusually associated with hallux valgus.

Question 14

Which of the following veins is commonly used for coronary artery bypass?

Accepted Answer

The vein that is commonly used for coronary artery bypass is the greater saphenous vein. The vein should be reversed so that its valves do not obstruct blood flow in the graft. Other common veins used in coronary artery bypass surgery are the mammary and radial veins.

Question 15

Which of the following is a frequent complication of thrombophlebitis of the lower leg veins?

Accepted Answer

The frequent complication of thrombophlebitis of the lower leg veins is pulmonary embolism. Most pulmonary emboli originate in deep veins and the risk of embolism can be reduced by anticoagulant treatment.

Question 16

All of the following statements are true about positive Trendelenburg's sign except:

Accepted Answer

All of the listed statements are true about positive Trendelenburg's sign except "It causes inability to adduct the hip". If the right gluteus medius and minimus muscles are paralyzed, the unsupported left side (sound side) of the pelvis falls (sags) instead of rising; normally the pelvis rises.

Question 17

Intermittent claudication is a condition of limping caused by ischemia of the muscles in the lower limbs, chiefly the:

Accepted Answer

Intermittent claudication is a condition of limping caused by ischemia of the muscles in the lower limbs, chiefly the calf muscles. This is seen in occlusive peripheral arterial diseases particularly in the popliteal artery and its branches.

Question 18

Which of the following statements best defines the Baker's cyst?

Accepted Answer

The statement that best defines the Baker's cyst is that it is a firm swelling behind the knee, caused by herniation of synovial membrane of the knee joint. It impairs flexion and extension of the knee joint, limits joint mobility, and may be painful.

Question 19

Which of the following leg muscles is severely affected in Shin splints?

Accepted Answer

A leg muscle that is severely affected in shin splints is the Tibialis anterior. Shin splints is a painful condition of the anterior compartment of the leg along the shin bone (tibia) caused by swollen muscles in the anterior compartment, particularly the tibialis anterior muscle following athletic overexertion.

Question 20

All of the following conditions are among the major causes of Tarsal tunnel syndrome except:

Accepted Answer

All of the listed conditions are among the major causes of Tarsal tunnel syndrome except Pes planus. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a complex syndrome resulting from compression of the tibial nerve or its medial and lateral plantar branches in the tarsal tunnel with pain, numbness, and tingling sensations on the ankle, heel, and sole of the foot.

Quiz 2: Orthopedic and Podiatric Conditions and Diseases