Question 1

In which of the following conditions is the lateral femoral condyles widely separated when the feet are placed together in the extended position?

Accepted Answer

In Genu varum, the lateral femoral condyles are widely separated when the feet are placed together in the extended position. Genu varum, also called "bow leggedness," is marked by angulation of the medial side of causing an outward bowing of the legs.

Question 2

Which of the following foot conditions causes pain in the forefoot that radiates to one or two toes, with tenderness between the two metatarsals?

Accepted Answer

A foot condition that causes pain in the forefoot that radiates to one or two toes with tenderness between the two metatarsals is Morton's neuroma. The pain may be further aggravated by squeezing the metatarsals together.

Question 3

Which of the following tests is frequently used to detect a torn meniscus?

Accepted Answer

A test that is frequently used to detect a torn meniscus is Apley test. A positive test occurs when there is pain, clicking, or locking of the knee with rotation.

Question 4

Which of the following tests is frequently used to detect a knee effusion?

Accepted Answer

A test that is frequently used to detect a knee effusion is the ballottement procedure. It is performed with the knee extended. Downward pressure is applied on the suprapatellar pouch and the patella is pushed backward against the femur. Pressure on the patella is then released and the patella floats out (fluid wave) with an effusion.

Question 5

Which of the following clinical features is not associated with compartment syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A clinical feature that is not associated with compartment syndrome is polycythemia. Compartment syndrome is often referred to as the disorder of Six P's (Pain, Pallor, Paralysis, Parenthesis, Poikilothermia, and Pulselessness).

Question 6

Which of the following ligaments is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee?

Accepted Answer

The ligament that is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee is medial collateral ligament (MCL). Forced valgus bending of the knee may rupture the MCL, also called the tibial collateral ligament.

Question 7

The Thompson test is positive in which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

The Thompson test is positive in rupture of the Achilles tendon. A patient lies with knee flexed to 90° and the examiner squeezes the calf muscle; if the Achilles tendon is ruptured, the foot will not move, but if the tendon is intact, the foot will plantar flex.

Question 8

Tarsal tunnel syndrome occurs with entrapment of which of the following nerves?

Accepted Answer

Tarsal tunnel syndrome occurs with entrapment of the anterior tibial nerve. The patient complains of burning and numbness that extends from the sole of the foot and toes to the medial malleolus.

Question 9

The windlass test is positive in which of the following foot disorders?

Accepted Answer

The windlass test is positive in the foot disorder called plantar fasciitis. Pain increases with ankle and great toe dorsiflexion.

Question 10

Which of the following conditions may lead to foot drop?

Accepted Answer

The condition that may lead to foot drop is anterior compartment syndrome. Anterior compartment syndrome occurs after weight-bearing exercise and may cause a neuropraxia of the peroneal nerve, leading to foot drop.

Question 11

Which of the following foot conditions typically causes calf pain, swelling, and knee effusion?

Accepted Answer

The foot condition that typically causes calf pain, swelling, and knee effusion is a popliteal cyst (Baker's cyst). It is often a complication of rheumatoid arthritis and represents a diverticulum of the synovial sac that protrudes through the posterior joint capsule of the knee.

Question 12

According to the Jones Criteria, how many major and minor criteria need to be met from the following symptoms in rheumatic fever-arthritis, fever, ECG changes, arthralgias?

Accepted Answer

According to the Jones Criteria, 1 major and 3 minor criteria are met from the following symptoms in rheumatic fever-arthritis, fever, ECG changes, arthralgias. The diagnosis can be made based on clinical findings of at least 2 major or 1 major and 1 minor criterion. The major criteria include carditis, arthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum, and subcutaneous nodules. The minor criteria include fever, arthralgias, history of rheumatic fever, and ECG changes.

Question 13

Which of the following pulmonary disorders is characterized by reversible airway obstruction secondary to bronchial hyper-reactivity, airway inflammation, mucus plugging, and smooth muscle hypertrophy?

Accepted Answer

The disorder that is characterized by reversible airway obstruction secondary to bronchial hyper-reactivity, airway inflammation, mucus plugging, and smooth muscle hypertrophy is bronchial asthma. Bronchial asthma is a respiratory disorder that affects adults and children of all ages and is autoimmune related.

Question 14

Which of the following pulmonary disorders is characterized by dyspnea, pursed lip breathing, thin, wasted appearance, minimal cough, and decreased breath sounds?

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary disorder that is characterized by dyspnea, pursed lip breathing, thin, wasted appearance, minimal cough, and decreased breath sounds is emphysema. Emphysema is a long-term, progressive disease of the lung that primarily causes shortness of breath and is in most cases caused by a long history of smoking.

Question 15

Which of the following conditions is not a cause of left-sided heart failure?

Accepted Answer

The condition that is not a cause of left-sided heart failure is pulmonary hypertension. Systemic hypertension, not pulmonary hypertension, is one of the common causes of left sided heart failure. Pulmonary hypertension usually results in right sided heart failure.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a chronic complication of essential hypertension?

Accepted Answer

The chronic complication that is not caused by essential hypertension is asthma. The common long-term complications of essential hypertension include diabetes, congestive heart failure, neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.

Question 17

Which of the following Streptococcal strains are seen in rheumatic fever?

Accepted Answer

The Streptococcal strains that are seen in rheumatic fever are Group A beta-hemolytic. These streptococcal strains are common in 'strep throat' and are known to cause rheumatic fever if left untreated for long periods of time.

Question 18

Which of the following diseases presents with cystic bone lesions, nephrocalcinosis, and metastatic calcifications?

Accepted Answer

The disease that presents with cystic bone lesions, nephrocalcinosis, and metastatic calcifications is hyperparathyroidism. It is a condition characterized by an increase in parathyroid hormone levels. There are two forms: primary and secondary.

Question 19

Each of the following enzymes is elevated after a myocardial infarct leaving heart damage except:

Accepted Answer

Each of the listed enzymes is elevated after a myocardial infarct leaving heart damage except alkaline phosphatase (ALP). ALP is elevated in the body of patients who are suffering from bone, liver, and skeletal abnormalities.

Question 20

Asthma is precipitated by each of the following mechanisms except:

Accepted Answer

Asthma is precipitated by each of the listed mechanisms except increased sympathetic stimulation. Asthma is a chronic reactive airway disorder caused by episodic airway obstruction, usually initiated by triggers.

Quiz 2: Orthopedic and Podiatric Conditions and Diseases