During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, strong and often corrupt urban political party organizations were called

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The term "machines" is commonly used to refer to strong and often corrupt urban political party organizations that were prevalent during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These machines were characterized by a centralized leadership, a strong hierarchical structure, patronage, and often used unethical tactics such as bribery and voter fraud to maintain power. These machines played a significant role in shaping urban politics during this period.

During the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries, Strong and Often