Question 1

In cardiac glycoside, position of ?- unsaturated lactone ring is

Accepted Answer

Cardiac glycosides have a characteristic structural feature which is a ?-unsaturated lactone ring attached at the C-17 position on the steroid nucleus.

Question 2

Activity of cardiac glycoside depends to a great extent on

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

Angiotensin II causes rise in blood pressure by:

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II causes a rise in blood pressure through multiple mechanisms: it directly causes vasoconstriction, stimulates the release of adrenaline from the adrenal medulla, and increases central sympathetic tone, all of which contribute to increased blood pressure.

Question 4

Digitalis slows the heart in congestive heart failure by:

Accepted Answer

Digitalis has a multifaceted mechanism of action in the treatment of congestive heart failure. It increases vagal tone, which can slow the heart rate by affecting the parasympathetic nervous system. It also decreases sympathetic overactivity, which is beneficial because excessive sympathetic stimulation can exacerbate heart failure by increasing the heart rate and force of contraction, leading to further deterioration of cardiac function. Additionally, Digitalis directly depresses the sinoatrial node, which can help to reduce heart rate. Therefore, all of the listed mechanisms contribute to the ability of Digitalis to slow the heart in congestive heart failure.

Question 5

Methyldopa is

Accepted Answer

Methyldopa is classified as a sympatholytic drug because it lowers blood pressure by inhibiting sympathetic nervous system activity. It does this indirectly by being converted into methylnorepinephrine, which then acts as a false neurotransmitter, reducing overall sympathetic outflow.

Question 6

Losartan is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Losartan is
...

Question 7

IUPAC name of Dobutamine is

Accepted Answer

The correct IUPAC name for Dobutamine is 4-(2-{[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butan-2-yl]amino}ethyl)benzene-1,2-diol, which matches choice A. This name accurately describes the chemical structure of Dobutamine, including the presence of a 4-hydroxyphenyl group attached to a butan-2-yl chain, which is further connected through an amino linkage to an ethyl group attached to a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups at the 1 and 2 positions.

Question 8

1-[4-(2-methoxyethyl)phenoxy]-3-[(propan-2-yl)amino]propan-2-ol is IUPAC name of

Accepted Answer

The IUPAC name given corresponds to Metoprolol, which is a beta-blocker used to treat high blood pressure and angina.

Question 9

Hydralazine is synthesized from

Accepted Answer

Hydralazine is synthesized from 2-formyl benzoic acid and hydrazine, through a process that involves the formation of a hydrazone intermediate, which is then hydrogenated to produce hydralazine.

Question 10

The principal action common to all class I antiarrhythmic drugs is:

Accepted Answer

Class I antiarrhythmic drugs primarily work by blocking sodium channels, which affects the depolarization phase of the cardiac action potential.

Question 11

Identify high ceiling diuretic.

Accepted Answer

Furosemide is considered a high-ceiling (loop) diuretic, which means it can cause a significantly greater diuresis (removal of fluid) compared to other types of diuretics. This is because it acts on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle in the kidney, where a large amount of sodium is reabsorbed.

Question 12

_____________ is carboxylic acid moiety containing.

Accepted Answer

Enalapril contains a carboxylic acid moiety, distinguishing it from other options listed.

Question 13

Given structure is of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given structure is of
...

Question 14

_____________ is sulfhydryl moiety containing.

Accepted Answer

Captopril contains a sulfhydryl (-SH) group, which distinguishes it from other ACE inhibitors like enalapril and fosinopril, which do not have this group. Bepridil is not an ACE inhibitor and does not contain a sulfhydryl group.

Question 15

Given drug is

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given drug is
...

Question 16

The antiarrhythmic drug which decreases both rate of depolarization (phase 0) as well as rate of repolarization (phase 3) of myocardial fibres is:

Accepted Answer

Quinidine decreases both the rate of depolarization (phase 0) and the rate of repolarization (phase 3) in myocardial fibers, affecting both the sodium and potassium channels, which is characteristic of Class Ia antiarrhythmic drugs.

Question 17

The following drug is used to reduce the frequency of angina pectoris as well as to terminate an acute attack:

Accepted Answer

Isosorbide dinitrate is a nitrate that can be used both to prevent angina attacks and to relieve an acute attack by dilating blood vessels and reducing cardiac workload.

Question 18

Blood flow in the following vascular bed generally decreases under the influence of glyceryl trinitrate:

Accepted Answer

Glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) is a vasodilator that primarily acts on venous vessels but also has effects on arteries. It is well known for increasing blood flow to the heart by dilating the coronary arteries. However, its systemic vasodilatory effects can lead to a redistribution of blood flow away from certain areas, such as the kidneys, thereby potentially decreasing renal blood flow. This is because the systemic vasodilation decreases overall blood pressure, which can lead to a compensatory mechanism that reduces blood flow to organs like the kidneys to maintain central blood pressure and flow to vital organs.

Question 19

Phase II in cardiac action potential is

Accepted Answer

Phase II of the cardiac action potential is known as the plateau phase, during which there is a balance between inward calcium current and outward potassium current, leading to a prolonged period of depolarization.

Question 20

In HMG-CoA-Reductase Inhibitors, Lactone ring may be substituted at

Accepted Answer

The lactone ring in HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors can be substituted at C-17, which is a common site for modifications in statins to enhance their pharmacological properties.

Quiz 1: Cardiovascular Drugs