How Can Political Parties Help Make Officeholders More Accountable

How can political parties help make officeholders more accountable?

A) Political parties simplify the task of voters in determining how to place blame or credit by allowing for collective responsibility.
B) Political parties allow for greater input by party leaders who are far more aware of the public's policy preferences than are elected officials.
C) Political parties allow for a more decentralized system of decision making.
D) Political parties make it possible for only well-informed voters to take part in the political process.
E) Political parties strive to take similar positions in elections as their opponents.