How Do Winner-Take-All, Single-Member District Election Structures Discourage Minor Party

How do winner-take-all, single-member district election structures discourage minor party efforts?

A) Failure to win a plurality leaves a minor party with no representation at all.
B) Minor parties have difficulty raising enough money to purchase a position on the election ballot.
C) Although the news media provide free time for the major parties to advertise candidates, minor parties must purchase advertising time.
D) Minor party candidates are prohibited by law from running.
E) Winners are determined by the majority, which is impossible for a minority party to achieve.