Which of the Following Problems Besets Not Only the Responsible

Which of the following problems besets not only the responsible party model and the electoral competition model, but also the electoral reward and punishment model?

A) The campaign strategies of the candidates involved in the election are considered to be less important than their party affiliation.
B) All the models assume that all citizens will participate in the voting process.
C) All the models require that ballots be disqualified if they contain errors.
D) All the models assume that the party leadership can make decisions that affect all levels of the party.
E) Voters select candidates who have the best "pork barrel" proposals.