In the second period of its history, from the Civil War to the New Deal, the Supreme Court

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During this period, the Supreme Court indeed used the Fourteenth Amendment, which was originally intended to protect the rights of freed slaves, to also protect corporations from excessive regulation by interpreting corporations as "persons" under the law. This allowed them to argue that their rights to due process and equal protection were being infringed upon by certain regulations, thus protecting them from some forms of government regulation.

In the Second Period of Its History, from the Civil