Question 1

The science of Law and punishment according to Hindu political thought is called

Accepted Answer

Dantaniti refers to the science of law and punishment in Hindu political thought, emphasizing the administration of justice and the enforcement of law and order.

Question 2

'Matsyanyaya' in the ancient Hindu Political Thought means

Accepted Answer

'Matsyanyaya' refers to the law of the fish, a concept in ancient Hindu political thought that describes a state of nature where, in the absence of a ruler or a governing authority, the stronger individuals or entities dominate and destroy the weaker ones, similar to big fish eating the smaller fish.

Question 3

In the ancient Hindu Political thought, the concept close to 'Sovereignty' is called

Accepted Answer

The concept of 'rajatva' in ancient Hindu political thought is the closest to the modern concept of 'Sovereignty'. It refers to the authority and power of the king or the state, encompassing the idea of governance and control over a territory, similar to the concept of sovereignty in contemporary political theory.

Question 4

Kautilya's concept that the State consists of seven elements is called

Accepted Answer

Kautilya's concept that the State consists of seven elements is known as the saptanga theory, which is detailed in his ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy, and military strategy, the Arthashastra.

Question 5

Which one of the following is NOT included in the seven elements of the State according to Kautilya?

Accepted Answer

Kautilya's seven elements of the state include the king, the minister, the country, the fortified city, the treasury, the army, and the ally. The enemy is not listed as one of these elements; instead, the enemy is considered an external factor that the state must deal with, not an integral part of the state itself.

Question 6

'Medieval Period' roughly means

Accepted Answer

The Medieval Period, also known as the Middle Ages, spans from the 5th century AD, following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, to the 15th century AD, leading up to the Renaissance.

Question 7

Medieval period is characterized by

Accepted Answer

The medieval period was heavily influenced by Christianity, which played a major role in shaping the culture, politics, and society of the time.

Question 8

The Political philosophy of Thomas Aquinas consists of

Accepted Answer

Thomas Aquinas's political philosophy is a blend of Aristotelianism, as he was heavily influenced by Aristotle's works; Scholasticism, as he was a key figure in this medieval school of thought; and Universalism, reflecting his belief in universal truths and values. Therefore, all the options listed are components of his political philosophy.

Question 9

Medieval Scholasticism is characterized by its position that

Accepted Answer

Medieval Scholasticism is characterized by its emphasis on the compatibility of faith and reason, alongside the belief in the authority of the Church. It sought to reconcile Christian theology with classical philosophy, particularly that of Aristotle.

Question 10

Medieval Scholasticism held that

Accepted Answer

Medieval Scholasticism emphasized the harmony between faith and reason, asserting that scientific inquiry should align with and not contradict theological principles.

Question 11

The Christian concept of Universalism held that

Accepted Answer

Universalism in the Christian context posits that all human souls will eventually be saved, regardless of their beliefs or actions in life. This contrasts with more exclusive views of salvation.

Question 12

According to Thomas Aquinas, which one of the following is the highest human institution?

Accepted Answer

According to Thomas Aquinas, the church is considered the highest human institution because it is seen as the spiritual authority that guides individuals towards the ultimate truth and good, transcending the temporal concerns addressed by other institutions like the family or the state.

Question 13

According to Aquinas, which one of the following is NOT a kind of Law?

Accepted Answer

According to Aquinas, church law is not considered a kind of law in his classification. Aquinas identifies four types of law: eternal law, natural law, divine law, and human law. Church law would fall under human law, which is the law made by human beings.

Question 14

According to Aquinas, which one of the following is the reflection of the Divine Law in the world?

Accepted Answer

According to Aquinas, natural law is the reflection of the Divine Law in the world. It represents the rational creature's participation in the eternal law, guiding human behavior in accordance with the design and will of God.

Question 15

According to Aquinas, the revelation of God through Saints is called

Accepted Answer

According to Aquinas, the revelation of God through Saints is referred to as divine law. Divine law encompasses the moral and ethical codes delivered to humanity through divine revelation, often through prophets or saints, as opposed to natural law, which can be discerned through reason and the natural order.

Question 16

According to Aquinas, which one of the following laws is published?

Accepted Answer

According to Aquinas, human law is the type of law that is published. Human law is derived from natural law and is established by human beings to govern societies and communities. It is the formal expression of the rules and principles that are meant to guide human behavior, and it is "published" or made known to the people who are expected to follow it.

Question 17

The Theory of Universal Monarchy was proposed by

Accepted Answer

Dante Alighieri proposed the Theory of Universal Monarchy in his work "De Monarchia," advocating for a single ruler to maintain peace and order in the world.

Question 18

The famous work by Dante Alighieri

Accepted Answer

Dante Alighieri is best known for his Divine Comedy, but among his other works, "De Monarchia" is a notable treatise on political philosophy, arguing for the necessity of a universal monarchy for the well-being of the world.

Question 19

According to Dante Alighieri, which is the best form of government?

Accepted Answer

Dante Alighieri advocated for monarchy as the best form of government, believing it to be the most suitable system to achieve universal peace and justice, as outlined in his work "De Monarchia."

Question 20

According to Dante Alighieri, the power of the Monarch came from

Accepted Answer

Dante Alighieri, in his political treatise "De Monarchia," argued that the power of the monarch was derived directly from God, not from the people or the pope. This was part of his broader argument for a universal monarchy that would ensure peace and justice, independent of the papal authority.

Quiz 4: Political Thought in Hinduism and Medieval Europe