Question 1

What are some ways a counselor-in-training can become culturally competent? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

There are many ways to become a culturally skilled, and competent clinician. Initially, it is important to learn about your own culture, including beliefs, values, and biases. Other ways to become more culturally competent are through exploring, and researching different cultures, attending diversity-focused seminars, symposiums, and conferences. Another more unique approach to cultural competency is to become immersed in another culture, through learning the language.

Question 2

Alfred Adler's phase of treatment known as Exploration and Analysis explores an individual's lifestyle. This lifestyle assessment includes two phases including __________, and __________ .

Accepted Answer

Adler's lifestyle assessment is a process of analysis, and interpretation of a person's style of living. This includes his or her family constellation or makeup (including family values, parental interactions, birth order, challenges in adolescence, etc.), and early memories.

Question 3

Karen Horney, a psychoanalyst, viewed humans as positive and optimistic, with a strong potential for self-actualization and development. She founded the Association for Advancement of Psychoanalysis (AAP). This was based on her refusal to follow __________.

Accepted Answer

Karen Horney refused to adhere to Freudian theory, allowing her the freedom to create the Association for Advancement of Psychoanalysis (AAP).

Question 4

Rationalization is one of the core defense mechanisms, defined in psychoanalytic therapy. How might rationalization be described? Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Rationalization is a psychoanalytical defense mechanism, which is better understood as making excuses for ones' behavior. Rationalization can encourage inappropriate, or unacceptable behavior, as the individual is able to justify his or her actions, through the process of rationalization. Identifying rationalization can be helpful in that it can provide a window into the core meaning of the behavior (what purpose the behavior serves).

Question 5

In psychoanalytic theory, the psyche is viewed as being separated into three parts, the ID, ego, and superego. The ego functions in the _____________ mind. Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The ego functions in the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious mind. Developed from the ID, the ego is responsible for dealing with reality, attempting to fulfill the Id's desires.

Question 6

Bowen's family theory is focused on bringing about change in not only the individual, but also the couple. One core concept in Bowen's family theory is __________ .

Accepted Answer

Bowen's family therapy is centered on finding balance between individuality, and togetherness. Bowen put forth eight core concepts including, differentiation of self, triangles, nuclear family emotional system, family projection process, emotional cutoff, multigenerational transmission process, sibling position, and societal emotional process. Differentiation of self is based on the idea that any group of people can affect the way we think as individuals. People with low differentiated selves rely greatly on the opinions, actions of others; someone with a well- differentiated self recognizes areas in which he or she is dependent on others, but is able to make decisions independently.

Question 7

Carl Whitaker held a unique view that was innovative in the field of family therapy. What was this view?

Accepted Answer

In the 1960's, Whitaker's strong opinions began influencing the field of family therapy. He was considered a trailblazer in the world of family therapy, due to his view of the whole family as the client, rather than solely the individual.

Question 8

What kind of therapy helps clients identify subconscious issues through interventions, like guided imagery and role-playing?

Accepted Answer

Experiential family therapy helps clients' uncover subconscious struggles that are associated with present-day relationship issues within the family. Experiential therapy stems from Gestalt therapy, and puts the emphasis on individual responsibility.

Question 9

Object Relations theory emphasizes interpersonal relations, with the main focus on the family, and more importantly, the mother. In this theory the word 'object' refers to __________ .

Accepted Answer

In object relations, the focus is on the experience of past interpersonal relationships, and how those experiences affect an individual's current interactions. Object refers to the person (often the mother,) and relations refer to the interpersonal experiences.

Question 10

Brief psychodynamic therapy (BPD) has shown to be beneficial in treating depression in clients. BPD therapists use various approaches including __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Brief psychodynamic therapy is an effective approach for client's with depression. BPD for depression helps clients to increase their personal awareness, and knowledge about relational patterns contributing to depressive symptoms.

Question 11

Brief psychodynamic therapy is characterized by __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Brief psychodynamic therapy (BPD) is described as time limited, somewhere between 6 and 40 therapy sessions; high levels of therapist involvement are critical to BPD, where the client is taken through a process of connecting current problems, and struggles to past traumatic events, and issues.

Question 12

You are looking for a new therapist, and find one who comes from a humanistic-approach. This means the therapist emphasizes people as being __________, and __________ .

Accepted Answer

The humanistic-approach, sometimes called the phenomenological approach, views individuals as being capable and autonomous. Humanistic therapists study the "whole" person.

Question 13

The person-centered approach to counseling views the individual as their own best __________ on his or her life. Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Person-centered therapy views the individual as the best authority on his or her own life experience. Person-centered therapy was developed by Carol Rogers, and recognizes a client's ability to use personal resources for growth.

Question 14

Existential therapy is focused on the client's internal conflicts stemming from his or her fundamental concerns about existence. These include __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Existential therapists assess an individual's experience, based on four distinct dimensions personal isolation, certainty of death, duties associated with the concept of freedom, and the idea of meaninglessness, and insignificance in life. These dimensions can be broken up according to physical, social, emotional, and spiritual realms.

Question 15

Gestalt therapists use a variety of techniques, including __________ . Choose all that apply:

Accepted Answer

Role-playing, and the empty chair technique are both Gestalt approaches. EMDR or Eye Movement Desensitization, and Reprocessing are treatment approaches for trauma victims; the miracle question intervention is used in solution-focused therapy, and is used to imagine an ideal future.

Question 16

Gestalt therapy focuses more on the __________, than the __________ .

Accepted Answer

Gestalt therapy is an existential therapy that focuses on the process, or what is happening, rather than the content, or what the discussion is about.

Question 17

The goal of narrative therapy is __________ .

Accepted Answer

Narrative therapy uses an approach that helps the client tell his or her story, and externalize the issue; the therapist will help the client look for other possibilities, or alternatives to help the client understand a different outcome.

Question 18

Narrative therapy is useful with clients who have been victimized by others. Narrative therapy can be used with __________ . Choose all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Narrative therapy can be used with families, couples, and individuals. With couples or families, externalization of the problem, and allows for changing negative interactions, and allows for the possibility of positive interactions.

Question 19

Cognitive therapy is distinct from other therapies in the assumption that the way we think affects our behavior. According to cognitive therapy, most situations, and circumstances remain __________ until we ascribe meaning to them.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapy represents the idea that our thoughts affect our feelings, which affect the way we behave. This means that each individual perceives, and assigns meaning to a situation, based on his or her own thoughts. Yet until this occurs, the event, circumstance, or situation remains neutral. The individual is able to provide it a negative, positive, or other connotation.

Question 20

Aaron Beck, who developed cognitive therapy, also developed numerous measures, and scales. Choose all that apply:

Accepted Answer

Beck developed the BAI, BHS, and BDI; Beck developed the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS); the Dysfunction Thinking Inventory does not exist.

Quiz 3: Counseling and Psychotherapy