Question 1

Nephrolithiasis is usually treated with:

Accepted Answer

Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) is usually treated with a fluid intake of 2 liters per day and avoidance of foods high in oxalate. High fluid intake helps dilute the salts that form kidney stones, and avoidance of oxalate may help decrease kidney stone formation. Dietary calcium intake is usually limited to less than 800 mg per day.

Question 2

The most important factors an RD should consider in an initial counseling session are:

Accepted Answer

The most important factors an RD should consider in an initial counseling session are the client's physical posture and eye contact, use of open-ended questions, and the client's socioeconomic status. The first counseling session is critical for building trust and establishing honest rapport with the client. To do this the RD needs to consider all of the aspects related to a client's background, attitude and learning ability, and educational level.

Question 3

You have been counseling a client with NIDDM. He has been keeping a food and exercise diary which shows that he is complying with the recommendations you have provided. However, he has gained six pounds since the last counseling session three weeks ago, and his self-monitored blood glucose values range from 180-250 mg/dl. You suspect the client is not being honest about his exercise or food intake. What would be the best approach to take with this client?

Accepted Answer

The best approach to take with his client would be to question him in a gentle way about stressors in his life that may be interfering with his ability to maintain his diet and exercise program. Fostering an open atmosphere and showing interest in him will help him to be honest with you about the problems he is having, and encourage him to work with you to identify solutions.

Question 4

A linear correlation coefficient (r) of 1.0 in a research study indicates:

Accepted Answer

A linear correlation coefficient (r) of 1.0 in a research study indicates a perfect correlation between the study variables, and means that the relationship between the variables is very strong. In research studies, r values of 0.5 or greater indicate strong correlations, while r values below 0.5 indicate weaker correlations.

Question 5

What type of questions would be most effective in dealing with a defensive or guarded client?

Accepted Answer

The type of questions most effective in dealing with a defensive or guarded client are neutral, open-ended questions that allow a client to provide as much information as he wants to share. This type of questioning helps the client lower his guard and gain trust in the interviewer. Asking probing questions about personal information is likely to increase the client's defensiveness, while asking "yes/no" questions does not encourage the client to open up.

Question 6

Megaloblastic anemia may be caused by:

Accepted Answer

Megaloblastic anemia may be caused by a deficiency of folic acid, which regulates the formation of red blood cells through its effect on DNA synthesis. Lack of intrinsic factor, a protein found in the small intestine and needed for vitamin B12 absorption; may lead to impaired B12 status, a risk factor for megaloblastic anemia. Gluten-induced enteropathy causes damage to the intestinal mucosa, thereby interfering with absorption of both folic acid and vitamin B12.

Question 7

Cachexia may be caused by:

Accepted Answer

Cachexia is extreme muscle wasting and weight loss, and is caused by many diseases, including cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease, and congestive heart failure. It occurs as a result of metabolic changes that depress appetite and cause lethargy and weakness.

Question 8

Which protein-digesting enzymes are produced by the pancreas:

Accepted Answer

Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase are protein-digesting enzymes produced by the pancreas. They are released in pancreatic juice in response to a meal containing protein-rich foods.

Question 9

Which of the following is considered to be a marker for inflammation?

Accepted Answer

C-reactive protein is considered to be a marker for inflammation. It is produced by the liver and rises rapidly in the blood after exposure to disease or infection. Transthyretin is a transport protein for vitamin A, total lymphocyte count measures white blood cell count, and IGF-binding protein is a carrier protein for a type of growth factor.

Question 10

How would queuing theory be useful in a foodservice facility?

Accepted Answer

Queuing theory is a method for determining the optimal layout and flow of waiting lines. It would be useful in a food service for setting up cash register lines that move quickly with the least wait times, less congestion, etc.

Question 11

The Delaney Clause mandates which of the following:

Accepted Answer

The Delaney Clause is a federal law that mandates that cancer-causing substances must be removed from the food supply. The manufacturing of safe food additives is overseen through the Food Additive Amendment, and standards of fill and food labeling are regulated by offices within the FDA.

Question 12

How many servings are obtained from 15 pounds of bacon with a 50% yield and a 2-ounce serving size?

Accepted Answer

60 2-ounce portions of bacon can be obtained from 15 pounds assuming a 50% cooking loss. The number of portions is calculated using the following steps:
1.Calculate the amount lost in cooking and convert to ounces
2.Divide by portion size to determine the number of portions obtained
(0.50)(15) = 7.5 lbs lost in cooking
15 - 7.5 = 7.5 lbs remaining
7.5 lbs x 16 oz/lb = 120 oz
120 oz / 2 oz = 60 portions

Question 13

How many ounces are in size 24 serving scoop?

Accepted Answer

There are 1 ? ounces in a size 24 serving scoop. To calculate this divide 32 ounces by the serving scoop size = 32/24 = 1.33 = 1 ?.

Question 14

Several community hospitals have decided to order their supplies together. The advantages of group purchasing are:

Accepted Answer

The advantages of group purchasing are reduced costs due to buying large volumes and increased vendor loyalty and reliability. Delivery times may not necessarily be quicker because large amounts are ordered.

Question 15

A written product specification submitted with a purchase order to a vendor should include:

Accepted Answer

A written product specification submitted with a purchase order to a vendor should include identification of the product name, description, brand, quality, and grade. Certification of acceptable contaminant levels and industry sensory standards are specifications that are submitted TO the customer by the vendor.

Question 16

Benefits of menu planning include:

Accepted Answer

Benefits of menu planning include control of food costs and reduction of waste. In addition, menu planning can increase the variety and nutritional quality of meals.

Question 17

What is the minimum dishwasher temperature necessary to destroy bacteria?

Accepted Answer

The minimum dishwasher temperature needed to destroy bacteria is 170' F. A final 30-second final rinse at this temperature is sufficient to kill pathogens. Temperatures of 180-200'F may be used with shorter wash times in high-temperature dishwashers.

Question 18

Which of the following is true for tube feedings with osmolality greater than 500 mOsm/kg?

Accepted Answer

Tube feedings with osmolality greater than 500 mOsm/kg are considered to be hyperosmolar, in comparison to body osmolality (275-295 mOsm/kg), and may cause diarrhea by pulling water into the gastrointestinal tract. Hyperosmolar tube feedings are usually diluted for the first few days of administration to build tolerance. Their carbohydrate sources and clinical applications vary.

Question 19

A hospital foodservice places an order for 50 pounds of potatoes. The AP price is $12/50 pounds. After peeling, chopping, and boiling the EP is 38 pounds. What is the EP cost per pound?

Accepted Answer

The EP cost for the cooked potatoes is 32 cents per pounds; calculated using the following formula:
AP (as purchased) cost/EP (edible portion) = EP (edible portion) cost
$12/38 = 0.316 = 32 cents per pound

Question 20

Drucker's management by objectives (MBO) is based on which of the following principles?

Accepted Answer

Drucker's Management by Objectives (MBO) is based on the principle that employees are more likely to meet goals they help create versus goals set by management. Drucker's MBO theory stresses participative action between management employees to increase morale and productivity.

Quiz 1: Dietetic Technician