A Nurse Is Assessing the Pain of an 86-Year-Old Man

A nurse is assessing the pain of an 86-year-old man who had hip surgery recently. The patient has been slightly confused since his surgery, but he responds to simple questions. What is the best way to assess this patient's pain?

A) Ask him to rate his pain on a scale of 0 to 10.
B) Ask him to rate his pain using a list of descriptive adjectives.
C) Ask him to rate his pain using a vertical numeric scale.
D) Observe his behavior and measure his vital signs.