When people engage in contentious politics outside the mainstream political process to address specific social issues such as inequality or injustice in an effort to transform cultural patterns or government policies, this is known as a:

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The description provided matches the definition of a social movement. Social movements are collective and organized efforts by people to bring about social change outside the established political process. They focus on particular issues or injustices and try to change cultural norms and government policies through protests, demonstrations, and other forms of activism. The other choices do not fully capture the nature or purpose of a social movement.

When People Engage in Contentious Politics Outside the Mainstream Political