A Saint Bernard and a Chihuahua are of the same species but look very different. It is possible to breed the two and get a puppy that might look like something else entirely but still be a dog. The study of dogs might be of interest to an anthropologist because it:

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The study of dogs and their ability to produce vastly different phenotypes despite being of the same species can help us better understand the relationship between genotype (genetic makeup) and phenotype (outward appearance and characteristics). This understanding can then be applied to the study of human genetics and how environmental factors can affect the expression of certain genes.

A Saint Bernard and a Chihuahua Are of the Same