Question 1

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

The three types of muscle tissue are cardiac, smooth and skeletal. Cardiac and smooth are involuntary muscles, which perform basic bodily functions, whereas skeletal muscles move by conscious stimulation.

Question 2

Which muscular structure surrounds the actual muscle fiber and is responsible for depolarization of the surface of the fiber and protection and insulation of the fiber from others around it?

Accepted Answer

The sarcolemma is responsible for depolarization of the surface of the fiber and protection and insulation of the fiber from others around it. The sarcolemma is a thin membrane that connects with the endomysium and contains structures that are important for internal functions and growth.

Question 3

Within the myofibril, which of the following is the lighter band that contains only actin?

Accepted Answer

The lighter band containing only actin within the myofibril is called the I band. The I band region becomes smaller during concentric muscle actions.

Question 4

Which of the following does not correctly describe fast-twitch muscles fibers?

Accepted Answer

All these statements are true of fast-twitch muscles except that they are used for aerobic exercises; rather, they are used for anaerobic ones such as spiking a volleyball. Their speed of shortening and force development is much faster than the slow-twitch muscles.

Question 5

What is the correct name for the type of nerves that excite organ systems, such as the digestive system or the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Autonomic nerves excite the organ systems, such as digestive and circulatory. These effects are involuntary and are not consciously controlled. Somatic nerves are those that innervate the skeletal muscles and are voluntarily controlled.

Question 6

What is the anatomical name for the location on a muscle fiber where a nerve impulse is received?

Accepted Answer

The motor endplate is the anatomical name for the location on a muscle fiber where a nerve impulse is received. This location contains neurotransmitter receptors. Neurotransmitters bind to the muscle cell membrane and cause depolarization.

Question 7

Which part of the muscle fiber senses changes in the tension of the muscle?

Accepted Answer

The Golgi tendon organs sense changes in the tension of the muscle. When activated, they send messages that indicate that the muscle is about to engage in dangerous action resulting from extreme tension.

Question 8

What type of osseous tissue makes up the Haversian system and comprises up 80% of skeletal mass?

Accepted Answer

Compact, or cortical, bones make up the Haversian system and comprise up to 80% of skeletal mass. This type of osseous tissue is located near the outer layer of the bone, and is made up of bone cells, nerves, blood and lymph vessels.

Question 9

What occurs at the epiphyseal plate?

Accepted Answer

Ossification occurs at the epiphyseal plate. This is the process of longitudinal bone growth which occurs when cartilage at the end of the bone is replaced with bone.

Question 10

What type of tissue has a form called serous, which is fluid-filled?

Accepted Answer

Fascia is the tissue that has a form call serous, which is fluid-filled. This type of fascia makes up protective membranes that cover the internal viscera. Other types of fascia that do not have specific names relating to their functions are superficial and deep fascia.

Question 11

Which organ system is responsible for transport of nutrients, removal of waste and overall environmental maintenance to support the body's function?

Accepted Answer

The cardiovascular system is responsible for transport of nutrients, removal of waste and overall environmental maintenance to support the body's function.

Question 12

All of the following are components of the heart's electrical conduction system EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Catecholamines are not part of the heart's electrical conduction system. They are hormones that assist in the contraction of the ventricle and increased emptying of the heart.

Question 13

Which of the following is a measure of the pressure exerted upon the artery walls as blood is forced out of the heart during ventricular contraction?

Accepted Answer

Systolic blood pressure is a measure of the pressure exerted upon the artery walls as blood is forced out of the heart during ventricular contraction.

Question 14

What is the movement of oxygen across a cell membrane called?

Accepted Answer

The movement of oxygen across a cell membrane is called diffusion. The concentration gradient is what causes this process to occur, as the pressure of gas outside the membrane exceeds that inside the membrane.

Question 15

Movement in and out of the lungs is controlled mainly by which of the following actions?

Accepted Answer

Movement in and out of the lungs is controlled mainly by downward and upward motion of the diaphragm and by elevation and depression of the ribs to increase the diameter of the chest cavity. These changes affect the pressure and space availability within the lungs, thus forcing inspiration and expiration of air.

Question 16

What causes air to flow into the lungs during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in alveolar pressure as compared to atmospheric pressure causes air to flow into the lungs during inspiration. Pleural pressure is always slightly negative and does not cause inspiration.

Question 17

Which of the following fields of study is concerned with the conversion of food into biologically usable energy?

Accepted Answer

Bioenergetics, the study of energy flow through a living system, is concerned with the conversion of food into biologically usable energy. The energy flow results from the breakdown of chemical bonds in food molecules and the subsequent release of energy for performing bodily functions.

Question 18

Which energy system is the primary one for short-term, high-intensity activity?

Accepted Answer

The phosphagen system is the primary one for short-term, high-intensity activity. This is also part of the initial part of all exercise, regardless of intensity, but it is then replaced by another more appropriate form of energy production specific to the type of activity and length of participation in the activity.

Question 19

What is the energy yield of the process of glycolysis when glycogen is the source?

Accepted Answer

The energy yield of the process of glycolysis when glycogen is the source is 3 molecules of ATP. This process yields one more molecule than if glucose were the source because using glycogen allows the process to bypass the phosphorylating reaction, which uses up one of the ATP molecules.

Question 20

What bioenergetic system is dominant while at rest and during aerobic exercise?

Accepted Answer

The oxidative system is the primary one while at rest and during aerobic exercise. This pathway uses mainly carbohydrates and fats for energy production, and protein is only used during prolonged starvation and long episodes of exercise.

Quiz 1: Physical Therapy