In Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Assn, it was held that mandatory breath, urine, and blood tests may be required of workers in "closely regulated" industries based on compelling public interest in safety, without violating the 4th Amendment.

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The Supreme Court held in Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Assn that mandatory drug and alcohol testing for workers in closely regulated industries (such as railway workers) is constitutional and does not violate the Fourth Amendment's prohibition on unreasonable searches and seizures. The court reasoned that the government has a compelling interest in ensuring the safety of the public, including passengers and other workers, and that the testing program was narrowly tailored to serve that interest.

In Skinner V