The Fourteenth Amendment has been a powerful device for extending federal constitutional guarantees to the states and preventing states from passing laws diminishing federal constitutional protection.

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The Fourteenth Amendment was passed after the Civil War and has been used by the Supreme Court to apply fundamental Constitutional rights to the states through the "incorporation doctrine." This means that the Bill of Rights has been applied to the states, preventing them from passing laws that infringe on individual liberties. The amendment also includes the Equal Protection Clause, which has been used to strike down discriminatory laws at the state and local level.

The Fourteenth Amendment Has Been a Powerful Device for Extending