California and other states use the "substantial factor" test instead of the proximate cause rule.

Question

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California and some other states have abolished the traditional proximate cause rule and have adopted the "substantial factor" test for determining causation in tort cases. This means that a defendant's conduct can be considered a cause of harm if it was a substantial factor in bringing about the harm, even if other factors also contributed to the harm.

California and Other States Use the "Substantial Factor" Test Instead