The similarity in the cell-adhesion proteins seen in many animal embryos and the colonial chanoflagellates is most reasonably explained as a shared derived trait, and indicates kinship with that group of protists.

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The presence of similar cell-adhesion proteins in both animal embryos and colonial chanoflagellates suggests a shared evolutionary history, indicating that the two groups are kin. This supports the notion that colonial chanoflagellates are the closest living relatives of animals.

The Similarity in the Cell-Adhesion Proteins Seen in Many Animal