The Parthenogenetic Whiptail Lizards of the Desert Southwest Create No

The parthenogenetic whiptail lizards of the desert Southwest create no new genetic combinations during crossing-over, like other animals, because

A) all the crosses are double, eventually restoring each chromosome to its original condition.
B) they possess no homologous chromosomes; crossing-over in this species occurs between genetically identical sister chromatids.
C) parthenogenetic species forgo meiosis I, when crossing-over normally occurs.
D) accumulated mutation within the species has modified the centromeres, disrupted the formation of a bivalent, and prevented crossing-over from taking place.