The nurse assesses fine hand tremors in a patient with a history of heavy alcohol use. If the nurse understands that the tremors are a direct result of alcohol use, the nurse is using which pattern of knowing, according to Carper?

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Empirical knowing is obtained from the science of nursing. An example would be a client with panic disorder begins to have an attack. Panic attack will raise pulse rate. Personal knowing is obtained from life experience. An example would be a client's face shows the panic. Ethical knowing is obtained from the moral knowledge of nursing. An example is although the nurse's shift has ended, she remains with the client. Aesthetic knowing is obtained from the art of nursing. Although the client shows outward signals now, the nurse has sensed previously the client's jumpiness and subtle differences in the client's demeanor and behavior.

The Nurse Assesses Fine Hand Tremors in a Patient with a History