Florence Nightingale applied the knowledge and tools of science in addition to her philosophical beliefs on caring throughout her nursing career. What scientific tools did she employ to understand the environment and its effect on human beings? (Select all that apply.)
A) Measurement
B) Altruism
C) Germ theory
D) Empirical observation
E) Aesthetics

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

A.Correct. Measurement was a tool used by Nightingale to understand environmental effects on humans.
B.Incorrect. Altruism refers to the selfless concern for the well-being of others but would not be considered a scientific tool.
C.Incorrect. Although Nightingale did document epidemiology, some sources report she did not fully believe in the germ theory.
D.Correct. Nightingale utilized empirical observation and kept meticulous records of the outcomes of care.
E.Incorrect. Aesthetic and spiritual knowledge was introduced into her caring philosophy, but not as a scientific tool.

Florence Nightingale Applied the Knowledge and Tools of Science in Addition