Metabolic Changes Throughout Pregnancy That Affect Glucose and Insulin in the Mother

Metabolic changes throughout pregnancy that affect glucose and insulin in the mother and the fetus are complicated but important to understand.Nurses should understand that:

A) Insulin crosses the placenta to the fetus only in the first trimester, after which the fetus secretes its own.
B) Women with insulin-dependent diabetes are prone to hyperglycemia during the first trimester because they are consuming more sugar.
C) During the second and third trimesters, pregnancy exerts a diabetogenic effect that ensures an abundant supply of glucose for the fetus.
D) Maternal insulin requirements steadily decline during pregnancy.