Europe's Imperial Expansion Led to the Creation of Protectorates in Which

Europe's imperial expansion led to the creation of protectorates in which the:

A) local rulers in power were maintained and guaranteed against internal upheaval and external conquest by European powers.
B) European powers took over local rule, settled colonists, and deployed European troops.
C) European powers took over local rule while protecting the territory from external attack.
D) local rulers received advisory privileges, capital investment, and trade opportunities from European powers.