Because sampling error represents the degree to which the sample is representative of the population, the larger the sample error, the less representative the sample is to the population and the lower the external validity.

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Sampling error refers to the discrepancy between the characteristics of a sample and those of the population from which it was drawn. A larger sampling error indicates a greater difference between the sample and the population, reducing the sample's representativeness and thereby lowering the study's external validity, which is the extent to which the results can be generalized to the broader population.

Because Sampling Error Represents the Degree to Which the Sample