Fernanda Miller Owns a Roofing Business

Fernanda Miller owns a roofing business. Don Jay, the owner of Jay luxury hotels, hired her company to install Mediterranean-style clay tile roofs at several of his properties. After Miller's company completed the job, however, Jay claimed that the work was substandard and refused to pay her, even though he had agreed to do so in the contract they both signed. Miller took Jay to court, and the judge found in her favor, ruling that she is entitled to a monetary settlement. Jay's actions are an example of

A) negligence.
B) breach of contract.
C) binding arbitration.
D) unfair competition.
E) an intentional tort.