Pessimism as described by Martin Seligman, in his book learned Optimism, is when the individual sees negative event as

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Martin Seligman, in his book "Learned Optimism," describes pessimism as when an individual sees negative events as permanent (believing the bad situation will last a long time), pervasive (believing the negative effects will impact many areas of life), and personal (believing they are at fault for the negative events). This contrasts with an optimistic viewpoint, which sees negative events as temporary, specific, and external.

Pessimism as Described by Martin Seligman, in His Book Learned