Which theory holds that language shapes our thoughts and perceptions to such an extent that people who speak languages that lack a common foundation have difficulty directly communicating and translating their ideas from one language to the other?

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The Linguistic determinism hypothesis, often associated with the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, suggests that the language we speak fundamentally shapes our experiences of reality, influencing our thought processes and perceptions to the extent that direct translation between vastly different languages can be challenging.

Which Theory Holds That Language Shapes Our Thoughts and Perceptions