What physiological effects occur when the body experiences cold stress? Select all that apply.

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When the body experiences cold stress, blood is shunted to the vital organs and away from the skin. The body perceives this as increased blood volume and instructs the kidney to produce more urine to help reduce the blood volume. This is known as cold diuresis. Although sweat rate is typically low in cold temperatures, an athlete can still experience dehydration from cold diuresis, increased respiratory fluid losses, and decreased incentive to drink. Further, a person exercising in cold weather with impermeable clothing-and with little outlet for heat loss through radiation and convection-could generate higher-than-expected sweat rates.

What Physiological Effects Occur When the Body Experiences Cold Stress