What Has Been a Consequence of the Decision by Presidents

What has been a consequence of the decision by presidents, such as Bill Clinton, George H. W. Bush, and Barack Obama to use military force?

A) Their actions empowered their opponents who were expecting end runs around Congress and reduced the effectiveness of all three presidents to achieve the policy objectives of their actions.
B) Their actions significantly damaged the legitimacy of the institution of the presidency by negotiating with Congress and accepting limitations on the use of unilateral power in the conduct of war.
C) Their actions remade the policy universe by pushing their initiatives to the top of the congressional agenda, thus ensuring they would get a fuller hearing and putting their political opponents on the defensive.
D) Their actions had little effect on the overall state of the political agenda, as Congress had been discussing the possibility of engaging in actions identical to those undertaken by the presidents.