Vasoconstriction Helps an Animal Retain Heat by

Vasoconstriction helps an animal retain heat by

A) generating heat through the metabolic activity of the vascular musculature.
B) causing piloerection, which increases the amount of air (a poor thermal conductor) trapped next to the skin.
C) directing blood away from the body surface, avoiding the transfer of heat from the blood to the environment.
D) causing the skin of the animal to blanch, increasing the ability of radiant energy to penetrate to the animal's core.
E) none of these.