Most ecosystems have only four or five trophic levels. What limits the number of levels?

Name: Most ecosystems have only four or five trophic levels. What limits the number of levels?
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Question

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The number of trophic levels in an ecosystem is primarily limited by the available energy. As energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, a significant amount is lost, usually as heat, due to the second law of thermodynamics. This energy loss limits the number of sustainable trophic levels.

Most Ecosystems Have Only Four or Five Trophic Levels