In the mid-1800s, diseases like cholera and tuberculosis were rare in most of England, but frequent epidemics of these diseases would occur in densely populated London. This is an example of

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The term "urban penalty" refers to the phenomenon where people living in densely populated urban areas, like London in the mid-1800s, experienced higher rates of diseases and health issues compared to those living in less populated, rural areas. This was due to factors such as poor sanitation, overcrowding, and inadequate living conditions.

In the Mid-1800s, Diseases Like Cholera and Tuberculosis Were Rare