Question 1

Lily, a 1-year-old girl, notices that Kirsten, her mother's friend, often visits them. She knows that her mother accompanies Kirsten every time Kirsten leaves the house. Lily always cries when the ladies go out. One day, seeing Kirsten at the door, Lily starts crying. In the context of the behaviorist approach to cognitive development, Lily's behavior most likely exemplifies

Accepted Answer

Lily has learned to associate Kirsten's visits with her mother leaving, which causes her to cry. This is an example of classical conditioning, where an unconditioned stimulus (mother leaving) that naturally causes an emotional response (crying) is paired with a neutral stimulus (Kirsten's visits), which then becomes a conditioned stimulus eliciting the same emotional response.

Question 2

Amy, a 7-year-old girl, knows that whenever she kisses her grandfather on his cheeks, he reaches out and tickles her under her chin. In the context of the behaviorist approach to cognitive development, Amy's behavior most likely illustrates

Accepted Answer

Amy's behavior illustrates operant conditioning, where her action of kissing her grandfather leads to a predictable response (being tickled), reinforcing the behavior. This is a form of learning through the consequences of actions.

Question 3

Linda, a 2-year-old girl, has learned that if she sits on the floor and cries, sooner or later, an adult will give her a piece of candy. In the context of the behaviorist approach to cognitive development, this is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of operant conditioning, where Linda's behavior (sitting on the floor and crying) is reinforced by a reward (getting a piece of candy), leading her to repeat the behavior in the future.

Question 4

Which of the following involves learning based on reinforcement and punishment?

Accepted Answer

Operant conditioning involves learning through the consequences of behavioral responses, where behaviors are increased or decreased based on reinforcement or punishment.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the psychometric approach to child development?

Accepted Answer

The psychometric approach to child development primarily focuses on measuring mental traits, abilities, and processes to predict future performance, such as school achievement. This approach uses standardized tests to quantify cognitive abilities and predict future outcomes based on these measurements.

Question 6

Identify the purpose of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development.

Accepted Answer

The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development are designed for early detection of developmental issues in infants and toddlers, including sensory, neurological, and environmental deficits.

Question 7

Which of the following is a developmental area assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development?

Accepted Answer

The Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development assess several areas of development, including cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, and adaptive behavior. Language development is a key area assessed by this tool, focusing on the understanding and expression of language.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) measure?

Accepted Answer

The HOME measure is designed to assess the quality and quantity of stimulation and support available to a child in the home environment. Research has shown that HOME scores are significantly correlated with measures of cognitive development, indicating that the environment in which a child is raised can have a significant impact on their cognitive abilities.

Question 9

In the context of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) tests, which of the following statements is true of the factor that influences a child's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

Parental responsiveness is linked to better cognitive outcomes and higher achievement scores in children, as it provides a supportive and stimulating environment for learning.

Question 10

The most effective early education interventions are those that

Accepted Answer

Interventions tailored to individual needs are most effective because they address specific learning styles, developmental stages, and challenges, making the educational experience more relevant and impactful for each child.

Question 11

The ________ to cognitive development focuses on the quality of cognitive functioning at different stages of infancy and toddlerhood.

Accepted Answer

The Piagetian approach to cognitive development emphasizes the qualitative changes in the way children think as they gradually process through four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. This approach specifically focuses on the different stages of cognitive development, including infancy and toddlerhood.

Question 12

In the context of the substages of the sensorimotor stage in the Piagetian approach to cognitive development, which of the following is a characteristic of the first substage?

Accepted Answer

In the first substage of the sensorimotor stage, which spans from birth to approximately 1 month of age, neonates primarily focus on practicing their innate reflexes. This stage is characterized by the repetition of actions that are reflexive, such as sucking and grasping, as infants start to explore their environment and their own bodies.

Question 13

Dr. Kelly, a renowned child psychologist, treats children with special needs. She examines how these children think and learn about themselves and their world. She also considers how the children coordinate input from their senses and organize their activities according to their environment. Based on the given information, Dr. Kelly is most likely using the ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Kelly's focus on how children think, learn, and organize their activities according to their environment aligns with the Piagetian approach, which emphasizes cognitive development and how children interact with their physical environment to learn and grow.

Question 14

Identify the focus area of the Piagetian approach to cognitive development in babies.

Accepted Answer

The Piagetian approach to cognitive development emphasizes qualitative stages in cognitive functioning, focusing on how children's thinking changes qualitatively with age, rather than quantitatively or through basic learning mechanics or primarily through environmental influences.

Question 15

Which of the following is true of the Piagetian approach to cognitive development in infants?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory of cognitive development emphasizes how a child's mind grows through interaction with the environment and through the progression of stages, starting with the sensorimotor stage. This stage does not consist of ten substages nor does it range from 2 to 5 years; instead, it spans from birth to approximately 2 years of age. Piaget's approach is more qualitative, focusing on stages of development and the nature of cognitive change, rather than measuring intelligence through tests, which is more characteristic of psychometric theories of intelligence.

Question 16

In the context of the substages of the sensorimotor stage in the Piagetian approach to cognitive development, which of the following statements is true about babies in the second substage?

Accepted Answer

In the second substage of the sensorimotor stage, which occurs approximately between 1 and 4 months of age, babies begin to organize and coordinate their initial reflexes into more complex, integrated behaviors. They learn to repeat actions that produce pleasurable or interesting results, initially discovered by chance. This stage is characterized by the beginning of intentional actions but does not yet include problem-solving based on past experiences, varying behaviors to explore outcomes, or the use of symbols, which develop in later substages.

Question 17

In the context of the substages of Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, identify a true statement about the second substage.

Accepted Answer

In the second substage of Piaget's sensorimotor stage, known as primary circular reactions, infants begin to coordinate sensory information and motor actions, focusing on their own bodies.

Question 18

Emma, a 4-month-old baby, loves to place her cheek on the windowpane because she likes the sensation of the cool breeze against her face when she touches the window. She repeats this action to get a pleasurable bodily sensation, which she discovered by chance. In the context of Piaget's cognitive-stage theory, Emma's behavior most likely illustrates

Accepted Answer

Emma's behavior is an example of a circular reaction, specifically a primary circular reaction, which occurs in Piaget's sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years). This stage involves infants repeating actions that are pleasurable or interesting, initially discovered by chance, focusing on their own body.

Question 19

According to Piaget's cognitive-stage theory, a 3-month-old baby who habitually chews on the satin lining of her blanket is most likely experiencing a

Accepted Answer

A primary circular reaction, according to Piaget, occurs from birth to about 4 months of age and involves the infant's own body. In this stage, infants repeat actions that are pleasurable or interesting, such as sucking or chewing on objects, which in this case is the satin lining of her blanket.

Question 20

Sandra has learned to squeeze her stuffed bear to make it squeak. When her father gives her a new stuffed toy, she squeezes it the same way she squeezes the bear. In the context of Piaget's cognitive-stage theory, Sandra's action is an example of

Accepted Answer

Sandra's action is an example of secondary circular reactions, which occur in Piaget's sensorimotor stage (approximately 4-8 months of age). This stage involves the repetition of actions that produce effects on the environment, indicating an understanding of cause and effect. By squeezing the new toy expecting it to squeak like her bear, Sandra is demonstrating her ability to apply a learned behavior to a new but similar situation.

Quiz 6: Cognitive Development: 0 to 3