In series circuits, the current i_c is the reference, and then the voltage v_c can be considered to lag i_c by 90°.

Name: In series circuits, the current i c is the reference, and then the voltage v c can be considered to lag i c by 90°.
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In a series circuit, the current is the same throughout the circuit, and the voltage across each component is proportional to its resistance. In a capacitor, the voltage lags the current by 90 degrees because the capacitor stores energy in its electric field.

In Series Circuits, the Current Ic Is the Reference, and Then

In Series Circuits, the Current I_c Is the Reference, and Then