Why Did African Americans, Who Had Typically Voted Republican Since

Why did African Americans, who had typically voted Republican since the Civil War, switch to the Democratic Party in the twentieth century?

A) Many black voters were alienated by the Republican New Deal program.
B) Many were poor and attracted to the New Deal's economic programs.
C) Republicans turned away from their initial support of the civil rights movement.
D) Southern Democrats promised to do away with poll taxes and literacy tests in return for the loyalty of black voters.
E) The Republican administrations since the end of Reconstruction had steadily increased taxes on African Americans.