Why Is It Often Counterproductive for Party Leaders in American

Why is it often counterproductive for party leaders in American politics to discipline members of their party in government for not voting with their party?

A) A politician who wields enough power to impose discipline on another member of Congress raises suspicions and jealousies in both their party and the electorate.
B) Because of the local basis of American elections, officials who vote against their constituents' interests or opinions may be voted out of office.
C) Discipline by party leaders may drive the offending lawmaker to another party, potentially depriving the party of a majority.
D) Disciplining their fellow lawmakers often results in creating factions within the party rather than encouraging party unity.
E) Party leaders who take it upon themselves to force lawmakers to vote a certain way are often voted out of office in the next election.