Which of the following claims is most likely to suffer from reverse causality?
A) Higher income increases consumption.
B) Relatively wealthy people tend to be relatively healthy.
C) More hours of study are likely to lead to better results.
D) Crime rate is seen to be lower in countries having a higher level of poverty.

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Reverse causality refers to a situation where it is unclear whether A causes B or B causes A. In the case of B, it's not just that wealthy people tend to be healthy; being healthy can also contribute to one's ability to generate wealth, as healthier individuals may have more capacity to work and earn. This mutual influence makes it a likely candidate for reverse causality.

Which of the Following Claims Is Most Likely to Suffer