Du Bois believed that Washington's message contributed to three movements that had a negative effect on African Americans. Which of the following is not one of those movements?

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Du Bois criticized Washington for promoting vocational education over higher education, which he believed contributed to the disenfranchisement and legal inferiority of African Americans, and the withdrawal of aid for their higher education. However, an increase in African American businessmen and property owners was not something Du Bois attributed to Washington's negative effects; rather, it could be seen as a positive outcome of economic self-sufficiency.

Du Bois Believed That Washington's Message Contributed to Three Movements