In Australia, nearly 90% of cactus plants on islands with cattle have spines whereas on islands with no grazers, only about 20% of the pads possess them. This supports the idea of

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Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Induced defenses are defenses that are produced in response to an attack by a herbivore. In this case, the spines on the cactus plants are produced in response to grazing by cattle.

In Australia, Nearly 90% of Cactus Plants on Islands with Cattle