A Client Is Experiencing Muscle Atrophy Following 2 Weeks in Traction

A client is experiencing muscle atrophy following 2 weeks in traction after a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following factors has most likely contributed to the atrophy of the client's muscle cells?

A) High levels of insulin and IGF-1 in the client's blood during immobilization
B) Denervation of the affected muscles during the time of traction
C) A reduction of skeletal muscle use secondary to the traction treatment
D) Reduced oxygen consumption and cellular function that ensures muscle cell survival