A premature infant on mechanical ventilation has developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and is showing signs and symptoms of hypoxemia, low lung compliance, and respiratory distress. Which of the following is the most likely contributor to the infant's present health problem?
A) High-inspired oxygen concentration and injury from positive-pressure ventilation
B) Failure to administer corticosteroids to the infant in utero
C) Insufficient surfactant production and insufficient surfactant therapy
D) Insufficient supplemental oxygen therapy

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

Despite the administration of corticosteroids in utero to hasten alveolar maturation, premature infants suffering respiratory distress syndrome often must be treated with supplemental oxygen and mechanical ventilation. However, overly forcefulpositive-pressure ventilation (barotrauma) can lead to the chronic lung impairment of BPD. Surfactant therapy is a first-line defense against the development of RDS and is also used to treat cases of BPD; additional time on a ventilator is often required as well.

A Premature Infant on Mechanical Ventilation Has Developed Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia