What Has Research Shown Regarding the Relationship Between Social Responsibility

What has research shown regarding the relationship between social responsibility and profitability?

A) Social responsibility has no effect on business performance.
B) An emphasis on social responsibility reduces business performance.
C) Social responsibility initiatives reduce both business performance and profitability.
D) Social responsibility is linked to improved business performance.
E) An emphasis on social responsibility neither improves nor diminishes profitability.