Which of the following modern lines of research faces the criticism that it may have cause and effect order reversed?

Name: Which of the following modern lines of research faces the criticism that it may have cause and effect order reversed?
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Question

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Hormone levels research often faces criticism regarding the directionality of cause and effect, as it can be challenging to determine whether hormone levels cause certain behaviors or if behaviors influence hormone levels.

Which of the Following Modern Lines of Research Faces the Criticism